Using pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) is security-sensitive. For example, it has led in the past to the following vulnerabilities:
When software generates predictable values in a context requiring unpredictability, it may be possible for an attacker to guess the next value that
will be generated, and use this guess to impersonate another user or access sensitive information.
As the rand()
and mt_rand()
functions rely on a pseudorandom number generator, it should not be used for
security-critical applications or for protecting sensitive data.
Ask Yourself Whether
- the code using the generated value requires it to be unpredictable. It is the case for all encryption mechanisms or when a secret value, such
as a password, is hashed.
- the function you use generates a value which can be predicted (pseudo-random).
- the generated value is used multiple times.
- an attacker can access the generated value.
There is a risk if you answered yes to any of those questions.
Recommended Secure Coding Practices
- Use functions which rely on a cryptographically strong random number generator such as
random_int()
or random_bytes()
or openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()
- When using
openssl_random_pseudo_bytes()
, provide and check the crypto_strong
parameter
- Use the generated random values only once.
- You should not expose the generated random value. If you have to store it, make sure that the database or file is secure.
Sensitive Code Example
$random = rand();
$random2 = mt_rand(0, 99);
Compliant Solution
$randomInt = random_int(0,99); // Compliant; generates a cryptographically secure random integer
See