There are various String operations that take one or more character indexes as arguments and return a portion of the original string.
Indexing in this context is zero-based, meaning that the first character’s index is 0. As a result, given a string myString,
its last character is at index myString.length() - 1.
The String operation methods throw a StringIndexOutOfBoundsException when one of their index argument is smaller than 0
(E.G.: -1). String::substring also throws this exception when the beginIndex or endIndex argument is larger
than myString.length(), and String::charAt when the index argument is larger than myString.length() -
1 For instance, it is not possible to use String::charAt to retrieve a value before the start or after the end of a string.
Furthermore, it is not possible to use String::substring with beginIndex > endIndex to reverse the order of characters in
a string.
This rule raises an issue when a negative literal or an index that is too large is passed as an argument to the String::substring,
String::charAt, and related methods. It also raises an issue when the start index passed to String::substring is larger than
the end index.
