The class std::optional<T> either stores a value of type T or is empty.
One way to access the value of a non-empty optional is the operator*. But using the dereference operator gives the optional appearance
of a pointer when it is not: it models an object. Additionally, attempting to call the operator* on an empty optional will result in
undefined behavior.
Another way to access the value of a non-empty optional is the function value(). But assigning a value to the optional object through
this function will throw an exception (std::bad_optional_access) if the optional has no value, and the assignment will not happen.
For the assignment of an optional to happen correctly, whatever its state, it is better to:
- assign the value directly with the
operator=: e.g. myOptionalInteger = 3;
- use the
emplace function (for example, when the move or copy operation is expensive or forbidden).
