This rule is part of MISRA C++:2023.
MISRA Rule 13.1.1
Category: Advisory
Analysis Type: Decidable,Single Translation Unit
Rationale
Virtual inheritance of base classes is not recommended as it introduces a number of potentially confusing behaviours, such as call by dominance in
diamond hierarchies and changes to the order of initialization of bases.
Example
struct A
{
virtual int32_t foo() { return 1; }
};
struct B : public virtual A // Non-compliant
{
int32_t goo()
{
return foo();
}
};
struct C : public virtual A // Non-compliant
{
int32_t foo() override { return 2; }
};
struct D : C, B
{
};
int main()
{
D d;
return d.goo(); // Calls C::foo(), which may not be expected
}
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